The Great Salinity Anomaly, a pool of semi-salty water derived from about 500 times as much unsalted water as that released by Russell Lake, was tracked from 1968 to 1982 as it moved south from Greenland's east coast. Berlin is up at about 52°, Copenhagen and Moscow at about 56°. These days when one goes to hear a talk on ancient climates of North America, one is likely to learn that the speaker was forced into early retirement from the U. The saying three sheets to the wind. Geological Survey by budget cuts. Near a threshold one can sometimes observe abortive responses, rather like the act of stepping back onto a curb several times before finally running across a busy street.
The back and forth of the ice started 2. Scientists have known for some time that the previous warm period started 130, 000 years ago and ended 117, 000 years ago, with the return of cold temperatures that led to an ice age. The Atlantic would be even saltier if it didn't mix with the Pacific, in long, loopy currents. Paleoclimatic records reveal that any notion we may once have had that the climate will remain the same unless pollution changes it is wishful thinking. And it sometimes changes its route dramatically, much as a bus route can be truncated into a shorter loop. Fjords are long, narrow canyons, little arms of the sea reaching many miles inland; they were carved by great glaciers when the sea level was lower. We puzzle over oddities, such as the climate of Europe. So freshwater blobs drift, sometimes causing major trouble, and Greenland floods thus have the potential to stop the enormous heat transfer that keeps the North Atlantic Current going strong. The sheet in 3 sheets to the wind crosswords. One of the most shocking scientific realizations of all time has slowly been dawning on us: the earth's climate does great flip-flops every few thousand years, and with breathtaking speed. Change arising from some sources, such as volcanic eruptions, can be abrupt—but the climate doesn't flip back just as quickly centuries later. Huge amounts of seawater sink at known downwelling sites every winter, with the water heading south when it reaches the bottom. Salt sinking on such a grand scale in the Nordic Seas causes warm water to flow much farther north than it might otherwise do. We could go back to ice-age temperatures within a decade—and judging from recent discoveries, an abrupt cooling could be triggered by our current global-warming trend. Water is densest at about 39°F (a typical refrigerator setting—anything that you take out of the refrigerator, whether you place it on the kitchen counter or move it to the freezer, is going to expand a little).
Man-made global warming is likely to achieve exactly the opposite—warming Greenland and cooling the Greenland Sea. There is another part of the world with the same good soil, within the same latitudinal band, which we can use for a quick comparison. A nice little Amazon-sized waterfall flows over the ridge that connects Spain with Morocco, 800 feet below the surface of the strait. Define three sheets in the wind. This El Niño-like shift in the atmospheric-circulation pattern over the North Atlantic, from the Azores to Greenland, often lasts a decade. These carry the North Atlantic's excess salt southward from the bottom of the Atlantic, around the tip of Africa, through the Indian Ocean, and up around the Pacific Ocean. To stabilize our flip-flopping climate we'll need to identify all the important feedbacks that control climate and ocean currents—evaporation, the reflection of sunlight back into space, and so on—and then estimate their relative strengths and interactions in computer models.
In an abrupt cooling the problem would get worse for decades, and much of the earth would be affected. Out of the sea of undulating white clouds mountain peaks stick up like islands. The return to ice-age temperatures lasted 1, 300 years. In 1970 it arrived in the Labrador Sea, where it prevented the usual salt sinking. Temperature records suggest that there is some grand mechanism underlying all of this, and that it has two major states. That might result in less evaporation, creating lower-than-normal levels of greenhouse gases and thus a global cooling. Just as an El Niño produces a hotter Equator in the Pacific Ocean and generates more atmospheric convection, so there might be a subnormal mode that decreases heat, convection, and evaporation. Stabilizing our flip-flopping climate is not a simple matter.
A remarkable amount of specious reasoning is often encountered when we contemplate reducing carbon-dioxide emissions. Water that evaporates leaves its salt behind; the resulting saltier water is heavier and thus sinks. Tropical swamps decrease their production of methane at the same time that Europe cools, and the Gobi Desert whips much more dust into the air. Of particular importance are combinations of climate variations—this winter, for example, we are experiencing both an El Niño and a North Atlantic Oscillation—because such combinations can add up to much more than the sum of their parts. When that annual flushing fails for some years, the conveyor belt stops moving and so heat stops flowing so far north—and apparently we're popped back into the low state. In Broecker's view, failures of salt flushing cause a worldwide rearrangement of ocean currents, resulting in—and this is the speculative part—less evaporation from the tropics. What could possibly halt the salt-conveyor belt that brings tropical heat so much farther north and limits the formation of ice sheets? The system allows for large urban populations in the best of times, but not in the case of widespread disruptions. Its effects are clearly global too, inasmuch as it is part of a long "salt conveyor" current that extends through the southern oceans into the Pacific. Within the ice sheets of Greenland are annual layers that provide a record of the gases present in the atmosphere and indicate the changes in air temperature over the past 250, 000 years—the period of the last two major ice ages. We must look at arriving sunlight and departing light and heat, not merely regional shifts on earth, to account for changes in the temperature balance. When there has been a lot of evaporation, surface waters are saltier than usual. It then crossed the Atlantic and passed near the Shetland Islands around 1976.
Greenland looks like that, even on a cloudless day—but the great white mass between the occasional punctuations is an ice sheet. Those who will not reason. Another underwater ridge line stretches from Greenland to Iceland and on to the Faeroe Islands and Scotland. Fortunately, big parallel computers have proved useful for both global climate modeling and detailed modeling of ocean circulation. "Southerly" Rome lies near the same latitude, 42°N, as "northerly" Chicago—and the most northerly major city in Asia is Beijing, near 40°. We might create a rain shadow, seeding clouds so that they dropped their unsalted water well upwind of a given year's critical flushing sites—a strategy that might be particularly important in view of the increased rainfall expected from global warming. The dam, known as the Isthmus of Panama, may have been what caused the ice ages to begin a short time later, simply because of the forced detour. The fact that excess salt is flushed from surface waters has global implications, some of them recognized two centuries ago. Like a half-beaten cake mix, with strands of egg still visible, the ocean has a lot of blobs and streams within it.
Eventually such ice dams break, with spectacular results. To see how ocean circulation might affect greenhouse gases, we must try to account quantitatively for important nonlinearities, ones in which little nudges provoke great responses. We might, for example, anchor bargeloads of evaporation-enhancing surfactants (used in the southwest corner of the Dead Sea to speed potash production) upwind from critical downwelling sites, letting winds spread them over the ocean surface all winter, just to ensure later flushing. Even the tropics cool down by about nine degrees during an abrupt cooling, and it is hard to imagine what in the past could have disturbed the whole earth's climate on this scale. The same thing happens in the Labrador Sea between Canada and the southern tip of Greenland. N. London and Paris are close to the 49°N line that, west of the Great Lakes, separates the United States from Canada.
When this happens, something big, with worldwide connections, must be switching into a new mode of operation. Flying above the clouds often presents an interesting picture when there are mountains below. Obviously, local failures can occur without catastrophe—it's a question of how often and how widespread the failures are—but the present state of decline is not very reassuring. Timing could be everything, given the delayed effects from inch-per-second circulation patterns, but that, too, potentially has a low-tech solution: build dams across the major fjord systems and hold back the meltwater at critical times. An abrupt cooling got started 8, 200 years ago, but it aborted within a century, and the temperature changes since then have been gradual in comparison. Perish for that reason. A gentle pull on a trigger may be ineffective, but there comes a pressure that will suddenly fire the gun. The modern world is full of objects and systems that exhibit "bistable" modes, with thresholds for flipping. We cannot avoid trouble by merely cutting down on our present warming trend, though that's an excellent place to start. They are utterly unlike the changes that one would expect from accumulating carbon dioxide or the setting adrift of ice shelves from Antarctica. The last abrupt cooling, the Younger Dryas, drastically altered Europe's climate as far east as Ukraine. Now we know—and from an entirely different group of scientists exploring separate lines of reasoning and data—that the most catastrophic result of global warming could be an abrupt cooling. We have to discover what has made the climate of the past 8, 000 years relatively stable, and then figure out how to prop it up.
Indeed, were another climate flip to begin next year, we'd probably complain first about the drought, along with unusually cold winters in Europe. We might undertake to regulate the Mediterranean's salty outflow, which is also thought to disrupt the North Atlantic Current. Present-day Europe has more than 650 million people. Though some abrupt coolings are likely to have been associated with events in the Canadian ice sheet, the abrupt cooling in the previous warm period, 122, 000 years ago, which has now been detected even in the tropics, shows that flips are not restricted to icy periods; they can also interrupt warm periods like the present one. But just as vaccines and antibiotics presume much knowledge about diseases, their climatic equivalents presume much knowledge about oceans, atmospheres, and past climates. But we can't assume that anything like this will counteract our longer-term flurry of carbon-dioxide emissions. Were fjord floods causing flushing to fail, because the downwelling sites were fairly close to the fjords, it is obvious that we could solve the problem.
Like bus routes or conveyor belts, ocean currents must have a return loop. Salt circulates, because evaporation up north causes it to sink and be carried south by deep currents. Recovery would be very slow. A cheap-fix scenario, such as building or bombing a dam, presumes that we know enough to prevent trouble, or to nip a developing problem in the bud. Once the dam is breached, the rushing waters erode an ever wider and deeper path. For a quarter century global-warming theorists have predicted that climate creep is going to occur and that we need to prevent greenhouse gases from warming things up, thereby raising the sea level, destroying habitats, intensifying storms, and forcing agricultural rearrangements. For Europe to be as agriculturally productive as it is (it supports more than twice the population of the United States and Canada), all those cold, dry winds that blow eastward across the North Atlantic from Canada must somehow be warmed up. Coring old lake beds and examining the types of pollen trapped in sediment layers led to the discovery, early in the twentieth century, of the Younger Dryas. It keeps northern Europe about nine to eighteen degrees warmer in the winter than comparable latitudes elsewhere—except when it fails.
This home has an upstairs game room featuring a dry bar + media room/secondary bedroom. Warm, inviting island kitchen with bar seating, exposed brick, granite counters, high end Cafe Series SS appliances. The backyard provides generous space. Spring Trails TX Homes for Sale & Real Estate. Virtual Tours - Apts/Rentals. EASY ACCESS TO 99 WHICH GIVES EASY ACCESS TO I45 AND 249. In addition, the high number of college-educated parents influences the academic success of the local schools. Step inside to a home office with raised ceiling.
New laminate floor on all bedrooms. Search all Spring Trails Texas homes for sale and real estate listings in this hot suburb of North Houston below. Homes/Property For Sale. Categories: Agencies. This hidden gem sits on a cul-de-sac lot behind the gates of Auburn Lakes Estates, part of the Willow Creek Golf Club community. The East portion of Spring Trails Texas is referred to as Spring Trails Texas while the West side of Spring Trails Texas is more commonly referred to by locals as the Klein Texas area. 3 Year Forecast: 2022 Q4 - 2025 Q4.
And, if you haven't already, be sure to register for a free account so that you can receive email alerts whenever new Spring Trails listings come on the market. The island kitchen features decorative brick detail around the gas cooktop, stainless steel dual ovens, a walk-in pantry & built-in planning desk.... Price/SqFt: 296. 1521 Haddon Street #A. Just 36 minutes from downtown Houston and less than 3 minutes from the quaint Old Town Spring shopping district. Top ranked Conroe ISD school district. There is no other person I would trust with our next home purchase after how amazing this process has been. " Athletes of the Week.
The Meadows at Imperial Oaks. The Exxon Mobil Campus is only 6 miles away and travelers can reach Bush Intercontinental Airport in as little as 10 minutes. The main level features a primary ensuite with concrete faux finish fireplace, spacious shower with oversized bath and large custom closet. Chad (Google Review). 8% of the homes and other residential real estate here were built after 1999, which is a higher proportion of new homes then you will find in 99. Apartments & Rentals. This 3 bed/2 & a half bath, David Weekly beauty, is located within the gates of Laurel Brook in Spring Trails. In addition, Spring Trails is in close proximity to Old Town Spring (a shopping area of 150 quaint shops), The Woodlands Mall, Bush Intercontinental Airport, Splashtown (a waterpark), and many restaurants. Professional Services. Both of the homes in the photos below were built by Wilshire homes. One of the secondary bedrooms is down and can be used as a flex space or office with attached half bath for convenience.
THE KITCHEN IS A CHEFS DREAM WITH GAS COOKTOP, STAINLESS STEEL APPLIANCES, FARM HOUSE SINK, ISLAND, BUTLERS PANTRY, GRANITE COUNTERS AND BREAKFAST BAR. Note: The characters are all lower case. THIS EXECUTIVE GATED ENTRY HOME SITS ON A CUL-DE-SAC LOT AND OFFERS 5 BEDROOMS, STUDY, 4. Upstairs you will find an enormous loft, three secondary bedrooms with... Price $1, 850, 000. The neighborhood is home to a 10-mile hike and bike nature trail system which runs throughout the neighborhood, connecting its 19 residential sections to the numerous community amenities, including a variety of swimming pools, nature trails, basketball and tennis courts, and playgrounds. 1223 Mariquita Lane. 5 bath, a game room (easily converted into a 5th bedroom), Private office. Find your dream home in Spring Trails using the tools above. Post a Home For Sale. 4%), along with some French ancestry residents (6.
The Royalton Condos For Sale. Easy access to 99 & I-45, this location is ideal! 2 BEDROOMS DOWN (guest suite). Check the current listing status and the local Ski Trails property tax information.