A stronger stimulus, which might depolarize the membrane well past threshold, will not make a "bigger" action potential. In neurons, a voltage clamp device is used to measure a. the resting membrane potential. Which of the following is not one of the likely factors affecting the various velocities at which axons conduct action potentials? C. Slow frequency of action potentials to the pacemaker. This statement *a. is true because the concentrations of the inward and outward flowing ions don't change appreciably over time in normal cells. A. Voltage-gated Na+ channels are replaced by ligand-gated Na+ channels. D. Electrogenic ion pumps. Of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Bio/Neuro 303 EXAM I Study Questions 107. These action potentials are firing so fast that it sounds like static on the radio. Critical Thinking Questions. This concept is known as resistance and is generally true for electrical wires or plumbing, just as it is true for axons, although the specific conditions are different at the scales of electrons or ions versus water in a river. In a voltage clamp experiment, the quantity that the experimenter wants to determine is a. the total resistance of the membrane due to passive ion channels. Some ion channels are selective for charge but not necessarily for size, and thus are called a nonspecific channel. Which of the following was able to detect pressure?
There are a few different types of channels that allow Na+ to cross the membrane. The exact value measured for the resting membrane potential varies between cells, but -70 mV is most commonly used as this value. How do nonspiking neurons function even though their depolarization signal significantly degrades with distance? The voltage across the membrane due to ion concentration differences. This potential occurs when ions such as sodium move through channels in the plasma membrane and enter into the cell. More action potentials to occur, the absolute refractory period to finish and the relative refractory period to finish. The inactivation of Na+ channels. Which of the following statements is true for most dendritic membrane AND for axonal membrane just after an action potential has passed (i. e., during the refractive period) a. E. An increase in Faraday's constant. The functions of the nervous system—sensation, integration, and response—depend on the functions of the neurons underlying these pathways. When activated by the stimulus, the membrane depolarizes, causing ion channels to open. This may appear to be a waste of energy, but each has a role in maintaining the membrane potential.
Which of the following statements regarding cardiac pacemaker cells is false? Receptor potentials arenot carried by neuroglia because neuroglia are cells in your nervous system that are not neurons. The movements of sodium and potassium ions during the action potential do not cancel each other out because a. the ions are moving in opposite directions. Current flow under certain experimental conditions. Suprathreshold for all of the axons. D. Both a and b. e. Both a and c. B. While an action potential is in progress, another cannot be generated under the same conditions. The flow of potassium is also depolarizing the neuron. Net inward current produced by the cell due to the influx of both K+ and Na+ ions. A. P loops mediate ion selectivity. Most cells in the body make use of charged particles, ions, to build up a charge across the cell membrane. Receptors, in turn, are cells that are found in sensory organs and structures of the body. Ouabain is a drug that inhibits the Na+-K+ pump in a nerve cell.
The same for all of the axons and suprathreshold for all of the axons. An increase in the sodium equilibrium potential. The concentration of sodium channels at the nodes generates much larger than normal Na+ currents, which generate faster conduction.
Ouabain blocks the voltage-sensitive K+ channels needed to recover from action potentials. The immediate energy required for an action potential is a. stored in the form of ATP. A third type of channel that is an important part of depolarization in the action potential is the voltage-gated Na+ channel. Axonal membranes do not allow partial electrical responses to electrical stimuli. A voltage sensitive ion channel is a channel *a. whose conductance to an ion changes as the membrane potential changes. That desensitizes when the neuron depolarizes. In myelinated axons, propagation is described as saltatory because voltage-gated channels are only found at the nodes of Ranvier and the electrical events seem to "jump" from one node to the next. For a hormone to elicit a specific response from a cell, the cell must possess. D: They can trigger an action potential. E. The passive properties of the axon membrane.
E. Either a or c, depending on the type of axon. Longer stimuli will allow for _______. As a result, sodium ions enter the action and change the polarization of the axon. Produce graphs of $f$ that reveal all the important aspects of the curve. For example: Touching a hot pan Smelling a delicious scent Feeling the coldness of a glass of water Detecting the sweetness piece of candy In each case, sensory information is transmitted via the action potentials that carry the signal to the brain. Depolarization --> decreased K+ conductance --> increased Na+ conductance --> increased K+ conductance and Na+ inactivation. They spontaneously generate action potentials.
A greater-than-threshold depolarization results and sodium permeability into the cell increases to overcome the potassium exiting. D. once the membrane potential is past threshold, the influx of Na+ keeps driving it more positive until the maximum number of Na+ channels is open. The receptor potential is generated at the _______. What is occurring to the membrane?
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