Mr. and Mrs. Massa appeared pro se. What could have been intended by the Legislature by adding this alternative? The Washington statute, however, provided that parents must cause their child to attend public school or private school, or obtain an excuse from the superintendent for physical or mental reasons or if such child shall have attained a reasonable proficiency in the branches of learning required by law. Mr. and mrs. vaughn both take a specialized assessment. Mrs. Massa introduced into evidence 19 exhibits.
He outlined procedures which Pequannock teachers perform, such as evaluation sheets, lesson plans and use of visual aids. The majority of testimony of the State's witnesses dealt with the lack of social development. Neither holds a teacher's certificate. This case presents two questions on the issue of equivalency for determination. Mr. and mrs. vaughn both take a specialized body. However, this court finds this testimony to be inapposite to the actual issue of equivalency under the New Jersey statute and the stipulations of the State. Examples are the child prodigy whose education is accelerated by private tutoring, or the infant performer whose education is provided by private tutoring.
In quasi-criminal proceedings the burden of proof is beyond a reasonable doubt. 861, 263 P. 2d 685 (Cal. Having determined the intent of the Legislature as requiring only equivalent academic instruction, the only remaining question is whether the defendants provided their daughter with an education equivalent to that available in *391 the public schools. The family consists of the parents, three sons (Marshall, age 16, and Michael, age 15, both attend high school; and William, age 6) and daughter Barbara. He testified that the defendants were not giving Barbara an equivalent education. If Barbara has not learned something which has been taught, Mrs. Massa then reviews that particular area. 1904), also commented on the nature of a school, stating, "We do not think that the number of persons, whether one or many, makes a place where instruction is imparted any less or more a school. " Most of his testimony dealt with Mrs. Massa's lack of certification and background for teaching and the lack of social development of Barbara because she is being taught alone. Massa also introduced textbooks which are used as supplements to her own compilations as well as for test material and written problems. As stated above, to hold that the statute requires equivalent social contact and development as well would emasculate this alternative and allow only group education, thereby eliminating private tutoring or home education. 1948), where the Virginia law required certification of teachers in the home and specified the number of hours and days that the child was to be taught each year; Parr v. Mr. and mrs. vaughn both take a specialized practice. State, 117 Ohio St. 23, 157 N. 555 (Ohio Sup. 383 Mr. Bertram Latzer, Assistant Prosecutor of Morris County, for plaintiff (Mr. Frank C. Scerbo, Prosecutor, attorney). He also testified about extra-curricular activity, which is available but not required.
She had been Barbara's teacher from September 1965 to April 1966. It is then incumbent upon the parent to introduce evidence showing one of the alternatives is being substituted. 1893), dealt with a statute similar to New Jersey's. In Knox v. O'Brien, 7 N. 608 (1950), the County Court interpreted the word "equivalent" to include not only academic equivalency but also the equivalency of social development.
The case of Commonwealth v. Roberts, 159 Mass. Five of these exhibits, in booklet form, are condensations of basic subjects, booklets are concise and seem to contain all the basic subject material for the respective subjects. This is the only reasonable interpretation available in this case which would accomplish this end. It is in this sense that this court feels the present case should be decided. Mrs. Massa conducted the case; Mr. Massa concurred. The results speak for themselves. The object of the statute was stated to be that all children shall be educated, not that they shall be educated in a particular way. The State placed six exhibits in evidence. Defendants presented a great deal of evidence to support their position, not the least of which was their daughter's test papers taken in the Pequannock school after having been taught at home for two years. Even in this situation, home education has been upheld as constituting a private school. Her husband is an interior decorator.
She also maintained that in school much time was wasted and that at home a student can make better use of her time. The State called as a witness David MacMurray, the Assistant Superintendent of Pequannock Schools. Conditions in today's society illustrate that such situations exist. N. 18:14-14 provides: "Every parent, guardian or other person having custody and control of a child between the ages of 6 and 16 years shall cause such child regularly to attend the public schools of the district or a day school in which there is given instruction equivalent to that provided in the public schools for children of similar grades and attainments or to receive equivalent instruction elsewhere than at school. " 170 (N. 1929), and State v. Peterman, supra. Cestone, 38 N. 139, 148 (App. A group of students being educated in the same manner and place would constitute a de facto school. However, the State stipulated that a child may be taught at home and also that Mr. or Mrs. Massa need not be certified by the State of New Jersey to so teach. They show that she is considerably higher than the national median except in arithmetic. 665, 70 N. E. 550, 551 (Ind. People v. Levisen also commented on the spirit of the relevant statute stating: "The law is not made to punish those who provide their children with instruction equal or superior to that obtainable in public schools.
State v. Vaughn, 44 N. 142 (1965), interpreted the above statute to permit the parent having charge and control of the child to elect to substitute one of the alternatives for public school. The court further said that the evidence of the state was to the effect that defendant maintained no school at his home. The Legislature must have contemplated that a child could be educated alone provided the education was equivalent to the public schools. COLLINS, J. C. C. This is a trial de novo on appeal from the Pequannock Township Municipal Court. Mrs. Massa satisfied this court that she has an established program of teaching and studying. The conviction was upheld because of the failure of the parents to obtain permission from the superintendent. The California statute provided that parents must send their children to public school or a private school meeting certain prescribed conditions, or that the children be instructed by a private tutor or *389 other person possessing a valid state credential for the grade taught. This court agrees with the above decisions that the number of students does not determine a school and, further, that a certain number of students need not be present to attain an equivalent education.
There is no indication of bad faith or improper motive on defendants' part. Under the Knox rationale, in order for children to develop socially it would be necessary for them to be educated in a group. He felt that Barbara was not participating in the learning process since she had not participated in the development of the material. These included a more recent mathematics book than is being used by defendants, a sample of teacher evaluation, a list of visual aids, sample schedules for the day and lesson plans, and an achievement testing program. Had the Legislature intended such a requirement, it would have so provided. The court stated that under this statute the parents may show that the child has been sufficiently and *390 properly instructed. Barbara returned to school in September 1965, but began receiving her education at home again on April 25, 1966. STATE OF NEW JERSEY, PLAINTIFF, v. BARBARA MASSA AND FRANK MASSA, DEFENDANTS. After reviewing the evidence presented by both the State and the defendants, this court finds that the State has not shown beyond a reasonable doubt that defendants failed to provide their daughter with an equivalent education. Mrs. Massa said her motive was that she desired the pleasure of seeing her daughter's mind develop. It is the opinion of this court that defendants' daughter has received and is receiving an education equivalent to that available in the Pequannock public schools. 00 for each subsequent offense, in the discretion of the court. Mrs. Massa introduced English, spelling and mathematics tests taken by her daughter at the Pequannock School after she had been taught for two years at home. The evidence of the State which was actually directed toward the issue of equivalency in this case fell short of the required burden of proof.
However, within the framework of the existing law and the nature of the stipulations by the State, this court finds the defendants not guilty and reverses the municipal court conviction. In view of the fact that defendants appeared pro se, the court suggests that the prosecutor draw an order in accordance herewith. Other similar statutes are discussed in Rice v. Commonwealth, 188 Va. 224, 49 S. 2d 342 (Sup. The other point pressed by the State was Mrs. Massa's lack of teaching ability and techniques based upon her limited education and experience. The lowest mark on these tests was a B.
And, has the State carried the required burden of proof to convict defendants? Faced with exiguous precedent in New Jersey and having reviewed the above cited cases in other states, this court holds that the language of the New Jersey statute, N. 18:14-14, providing for "equivalent education elsewhere than at school, " requires only a showing of academic equivalence. 1927), where the Ohio statute provided that a child would be exempted if he is being instructed at home by a qualified person in the subjects required by law. People v. Levisen and State v. Peterman, supra. Rainbow Inn, Inc. v. Clayton Nat. Decided June 1, 1967. In discussing the nature of schools the court said, "This provision of the law [concerning what constitutes a private school] is not to be determined by the place where the school is maintained, nor the individuality or number of pupils who attend it. " If group education is required by our statute, then these examples as well as all education at home would have to be eliminated. A different form of legislative intention is illustrated by the case of People v. Turner, 121 Cal. 372, 34 N. 402 (Mass.
But the author of Job lifts the curtains and shows us that behind those words lay an evil force. However, in Luke 22:41-44, we find Jesus pouring out his heart in prayer. The devil stepped up his game. When the Devil had finished every test, he departed from Him until an opportune time (Luke 4:13).
There are plenty of times in a person's life when the weight of the world is on their shoulders. You will not be disappointed, but the Lord will bless you for your obedience. Maybe even the biggest one of your life? He might introduce envy or jealousy or dishonesty into their relationship or entice one of them to be unfaithful to his or her mate. Nothing is obtained freely but we have to fight to obtain the victory. It's shaping your child's future and they way they think. And so I did everything I could to hurt her. Express your concerns to Him and then leave them at His alter. I realised that the devil was indeed at work in her. Faith and hope cast out fear, because we rest in the truth of Jesus, not in the lies of the devil. "Be strong and courageous.
Hebrews 12:2) God may open a door for you to minister to your adult child about this. You pray and you love with all you got. If you do, the Lord's anger will burn against you. He threw it into the water, and the water became fit to drink. " If we isolate ourselves from the community of God's people, we will inevitably fall in the battle, with none to lift us up. His condition finally got the better of him and he slipped away in his sleep. So what do you do in a situation like this? Copyright ©2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. And flow into the valleys. I know this brings tremendous results because of the track record of God's working in our family. So there was only one thing left to do... pray. He can wait until the first fires of romantic love begin to fade and then plant whispers of doubt in their minds about the wisdom of their decision to marry. CCC 1733) You aren't made to merely have a choice, but to choose correctly.
In this way, the Spirit fills God's gathered family and empowers them to live out the gospel, claiming victory in their homes. Please share your thoughts and comments on our blog! The moral of Job's story is: It's okay to question God or the reasons for why something is happening, but there's no need for us to stay there. But until then they are not lost to God's family. Dear Jesus, Thank You for knowing what we need, even before we do. The Lord gave and the Lord has taken away; may the name of the Lord be praised. " Your brother's blood cries out to me from the ground. " Have you ever felt like everyone and everything had abandoned you; that you were totally alone and that no one care what happened to you? You Pray And You Love With All You Got. You are fighting rulers and authorities and cosmic powers over this present darkness. There is nothing he desires more than to get you to listen to the lies he whispers to us. I find that prayer suffers in the lives of many, if not most, Christians.
Photo credit: Unsplash. True, at some point they will have to make a conscious decision to act on or accept this union. When that home is messed up, the church's disciplemaking work is only harder. She has three small children, a husband, and an over eager dog at home. Help me to realize the importance You place on correcting this problem when my children challenge me in ways that are inappropriate. For one thing, both of them were slaves to spiritual pride and they did not understand the grace of God. Satan hates our children. "Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you; not as the world gives do I give to you. Sure- he's out to destroy everyone, but the easiest prey – is your child. When we feel scared or uncertain, we can turn to Scripture and the Lord for guidance and strength. Haven't we had enough? We ask that you would remind us to pray, constantly, for all believers.
Again, it's like the war in Band of Brothers. Deuteronomy 11:19Teach them to your children. Surely He shall deliver you from the snare of the fowler. Losing that unity made me question everything. Pass the story down from generation to generation Joel 1:3. We ask that you would bring light, knowing that you expose the deeds of darkness. In the end, we find that they are ready for physical violence but not the spiritual battle. Mouthy and sarcastic children who demean or belittle their parents' leadership and decision making are clearly on a path to destruction. Then, as they grow older trust and lean on the fact that they have been equipped with the standards necessary to make good choices. "Even if all fall away, I will not" and "Even if I have to die with you, I will never disown you. The gathering of the church is optional; we easily forsake the gathering for other pursuits, when we should let go of every other pursuit to gather with the church. This may seem like a strange verse for unhealthy relationships.
The LORD said, "What have you done? John Chapter 8, verse 7. In the meantime, all I could do was pray and support her.